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Dyeing

Decline in Weaving and Dyes

Before 1980s, the story of Turkish carpets was not happy one. There was a decline in the standards of carpet weaving. There were several reasons for that. First demand for the certain carpets designs changed and collapsed. Secondly, the arrival of synthetic dyes and full-scale adoption of their use cause some problems in quality and esthetical matters. Carpet weavers had difficult times. Depression years, First and Second world wars undermined the customers main production base. Important social changes in the west also affected the carpets weaving. The number of multi roomed big houses declined enormously. The priorities for the families changed. Oriental rugs also fell out of fashion. In order, the meet the demands, carpet producers tried to cut the cost and quality of the rugs dropped enormous way. The arrival of chemical dyes was in 1860, but their common use was in 1870s. Their use caused a disastrous effect on the quality of carpets. In addition to this, the quality of weaving also changed. As the rural communities became poorer, the need for the production of commercial carpets became urgent. Rugs were woven for unknown end users, costs were cut and designs are adapted and changed according to tastes of the customers

 

Dyer in Anatolian Villages is very respected figure of the villages where people would consult him for various matters. Following the tradition, information about dyes and plants is handed down from father to son and stayed in the family. Since all these dyes are in the nature and very easily reached by the nomads and villagers, they have been used for centuries. Here some of the dyes used by Turkish nomads and villagers:

Dyes Woad Civit Otu

When this plant is boiled, according to its boiling length. various tones of blue is obtained. Dyes Woad grows wild in Central and Western Anatolia. Dyer Woad and some other plants are used to yield indigo which is the oldest dye used in Anatolia.

Madder Root Kok Boya

The roots of Madder plant which grows wild in Central Anatolia is one of the best sources for red colour. Madder Plant which reaches the height of 1.5 meters in two years gives various tones of red.

Walnut Ceviz Brown

Walnut tree which is encountered every region of Turkey is the source of very attractive brown color. Walnut which reaches the height of 25 meters is native tree to Turkey. Nearly 20% of the world walnut output is produced by Turkey. Fruit is covered with thick rind which is used to obtain green and brownish-black shades. Coloring agent is brow dye which adheres directly to wool fibers without a mordant.

Pomegranate Nar

Yellow to Brownish Yellow

Brown to Black

Pomegranate which grows in every part of turkey is easily distinguished by its pinkish-violet colored flowers. Fresh or dried skin of the fruit is used for dyeing. According to mordant used along the skin, either yellowish brown or brownish black colors obtained.

Buck Thorn Cehri Plant

Deep yellow

This plant which grows at 3000 meter altitude is the source of deep yellow color. It grows mainly in Central Anatoia. The unriped fresh or dried fruits of the Buck Thorn is used to contain the dye. When it is used with the alum mordant, deep yellow color i obtained.

Spurge Sutlegen Yellow Color

Spurge which grows all over Turkey is source of yellow dye. All the parts of the plant except roots are used for obtaining yellow color. spurge is used in Central and Inner Western Anatolia for the cottage industry.

Wild Camomile Papatya yellow color

Camomile which grows wildly on the western and southern Anatolia gives us excellent shades of clear yellow, especially when it s used with alum mordant.

Sage three leaved sage

Sage which grows al over Mediterranean countries blossoms from march to August. Its leaves and stams fresh or dried is good for obtaining yellow color.

Chemical Dyes

Chemical dyes were first introduced into Persia and Turkey in the 19th century but results were not so satisfactory because of fast fading. In 1903, strict precautions were taken in Persia to stop the use of these aniline dyes. Persian government indicated that any work shop using these aniline dyes would be burnt down or any weaver using these dyes would loose his right hand. These restrictions made Persian weavers went back to natural dyes till the arrival of more reliable chromium dyes which arrived between First and Second World Wars. Today's chromium dyes are very reliable and they offer unlimited color palette.

 

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Last modified: Ašustos 14, 2007